XR Accessibility

[Note: In this site, we use the term Extended Reality (XR) as a convenient shorthand referring collectively to the different modalities of Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR), and Mixed Reality (MR). ]

How might XR modalities be deployed for teaching and learning in ways that furnish multiple means for representation, action & expression, and engagement while also aligning with our commitment to making user-facing IT environments accessible? 

This site covers some of the potential barriers to using XR faced by people with disabilities or, better put, diverse users across a truly representative range of visual, auditory, motor, and cognitive capacities. We also showcase some of the research and emerging best practices for overcoming these barriers particularly through the support and development of assistive technologies.  Along the way, we consider important process dimensions for organizing analysis of accessibility: content development, assistive technology support, hardware and content selection/acquisition, instructional deployment with accommodation, evaluation cycles and iterative improvements. The UDL framework has something to offer across all these dimensions.

UCSF ChimeraX VR Chemical Structure Display

XR from a UDL Perspective

From a UDL perspective, XR-based experiences potentially offer promise across all three of the key principle domains: representation, action & expression, and engagement. From augmented reality chemical models to immersive virtual reality architectural walkthroughs, many wonderful...Read more

A full-motion immersive VR space

Devices, Spaces, & Deployment Considerations

For the deployment of XR content in instructional modes, courses usually have their needs met from a service perspective in one of three kinds of prepared settings: 1) portable XR kits that can be deployed within traditional classrooms, 2) XR enabled labs, where existing computer...

Virtual Reality Immersive Headset

Accessing Virtual, Augmented, and Mixed Realities

Precise definitions are elusive when it comes to the terms virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR). In common usage, VR tends to be associated with immersive head-mounted displays that fully supplant what the user can see, hear, and interact with. In...

Spotlight: Emerging Solutions

Disability Awareness & XR Best Practices

Eyesight

By the Numbers: CDC on Common Eye Disorders

Best Practice: Provide spatial audio cues for situating and locating within 3D scenes.

Example: OmniTone is open source implementation of ambisonic decoding and binaural rendering written in Web Audio API.

Further Reading...

Color Perception

By the Numbers: NIH on Color Vision Deficiencies

Best Practice: Provide ways for content creators to check color contrast during development.

Example: WCAG Contrast Checker free tool for Unity

Further Reading: How to Use Color Blind Friendly Palettes...

Auditory

By the Numbers: NIH Quick Statistics About Hearing

Best Practice: Demonstrate workflow for converting to 3D compatible caption file formats and making 3D caption placements.

Example: Adding Closed Captions to 360 Video with Adobe Captivate

Further Reading: ...

Voice

By the Numbers: NIH on Quick Statistics About Communication Disorders

Best Practice: Allow for Augmentative and Alternative Communication device input to XR systems.

Example: LetMeTalk is a free app that can run on a user's smart phones or tablet while providing vocalized speech audio input to a primary computer.

Further Reading: Tobii Dynavox on...

Motor

By the Numbers: CDC on Difficulties in Physical Functioning

Best Practice: Enable existing VR experiences to be adapted to a user's motion capabilities.

Example: WalkinVR's WalkinDriver free SteamVR add-on driver enables assistive interface software works with Oculus, HTC Vive, Valve Index, etc.

Further Reading:...

Cognitive

By the Numbers: ASHA's ID Incidence and Prevalence

Best Practice: Create guidelines and standards for accommodating users with various cognitive limitations.

Examples: Portland State University's AASPIRE Web Accessibility Guidelines for Autistic Web Users;

International Standards Organization...